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Reference List

Below is a list of scholarly publications and research that pertains to the field of visitor and information services. Click on a topic title below to jump directly to the area that interests you. You can also download a .pdf version of this same information for easier printing.

Campus Visits/Tours

College Choice

Ambassadors/Tour Guides

Enrollment Management/Higher Education

Human Behavior/Motivation

Management/Organizational Behavior/Training

Volunteering/Volunteer Motivation

Peer Education/Paraprofessional Experience

Statistical Methods

Campus Visits/Tours

Allen, C. P. (2007, June 29). Finding a good fit: College visit lets student tune into school’s emotional energy. Greenville News. Retrieved June 29, 2007 from, http://www.greenvilleonline.com/apps/pbsc.dll/article?AID-20077-628052

Arts & Science Group, LLC. (2004, January 29). Campus visit drives college choice. Student Poll, 5(2). Retrieved August 1, 2006 from http://www.artsci.com/studentonline.htm

Dee, J. (2008, September 19). The tell-all campus tour. The New York Times. Retrieved September 19, 2008 from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/21/magazine/21unigo-t.html

Eduventures (2006). Campus visit program: Cost, structure, and impact: Part I. Institutional policies and trends. Boston: Author.

Gonzalez, J. (July 29, 2006). Tours help colleges make the grade. Plain Deal Reporter, p. B7.

Gormly, K. B. (2005, May 10). College search isn’t complete without a visit to campus. Pittsburg Tribune Review. Retrieved May 25, 2006 from http://www_pittsburghlive.com/s/search/s_332594.html

Harpaz, B. (2009, April 28). College tours: Not your parents’ way of picking a school. The State. Retrieved April 28, 2009 from http://www.thestate.com/living/story/765313.html

Hesel, R. A. (2004). Campus visit drives college choice. Student Poll. Arts & Sciences Group, LLC. Retrieved February 15, 2004 from www.artsci.com

Hoover, E. (2009, March 6). ‘Golden walk’ gets a makeover from an auditor of campus visits. The Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved March 2, 2009 from http://chronicle.com/weekly/v55/i26/26a00104.htm

Klein, A. (2004, November 4). Reinventing the campus tour. University Business. Retrieved December 1, 2005 from http://www.universitybusiness.com//page.cfm?p=660

Lester, D. (1993, July 21). Tours help students pick college. The Spartanburg Herald, pp. C1, C3.

Noel-Levitz (2002, April). Noel-Levitz planning tips: Campus visit best practices: What works in campus visit programming. Retrieved August 28, 2006 from https://www.noellevitz.com/NR/rdonlyrec/93DD3489-OF30-4F3D-96E3-087A274B0310/0/Campus_Visit.pdf

Noel-Levitz. (2005). Navigating toward e-recruitment: Ten revelations about interacting with college-bound high school students. Iowa City, IA: Author.

Spring, J. (n.d.). There’s a thief on your campus: A new campus visit strategy can help schools steal scores of students from competitors. Image Presentations, Inc. Author.

Steinberg, J. (2009, August 18). Colleges seek to remake the campus tour. The New York Times. Retrieved August 18, 2009 from http://www.nytmes.com/2009/08/19/education/19college.html

Stern L. (1994). The old college try. Newsweek, May 9, pp. 44-45.

Student tour guides now paid by university admissions office. (2002, October 10). Campus Times Online. Retrieved December 8, 2005 from http://www.campustimes.org/media/paper371/news/2002/10/10/news/student.tour.guide

Toosi, N. (2003, October 14). College campus tours a popular ritual. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, p. B1.

Treanor, M. (2005, December 1). Student tour guides now paid by university admissions office. Campus Times Online, the University of Rochester. Retrieved December 8, 2005 from http://www.campustimes.org/media/paper371/news/2002/10/10/News/Student.Tour.Guide

The U-Uncut. (2006, October, 24). Available through Amazon.com at http://www.amazon.com/U-Uncut-Chris-Pratt/dp/B000HC2LUS/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=dvd&qid=1200934169&sr=8-1

Found online at http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0801350/companycredits

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College Choice

Acker, J. C., Hughes, W. W., & Fendler, Jr. W. R. (2004, May). Alabama bound: Identifying factors associated with secondary education students’ choice of attending the University of Alabama. Paper presented at the AIR Forum, Boston, MA.

Allen, B. H., & Peters, W. H. (1983). The status of strategic marketing in higher education: College presidents’ viewpoints. Proceedings from the American Marketing Association, USA, 354-359.

Barnes, L. G., & Boxman, C.F. (1993). The right fit: Identifying perspective students based on preferred college attributes. 1993 Symposium for the Marketing of Higher Education, USA, 145-152.

Bartini, M., & Hesel, R. A. (2007). studentPOLL March 7, 2007. High school students want parents to be more involved in college planning. College Board & Arts & Science Group. Retrieved March 9, 2007 from http://www.collegeboard.com/about/news_info/report.html

Bradshaw, B. (2005). Factors influencing the college choice of first-time freshmen (Doctoral dissertation, Saint Louis University, United States -- Missouri. Retrieved November 25, 2007, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3185044).

Bradshaw, G., Espinoza, S., & Hausman, C. (2001). The college decision-making of high achieving students. College and University Journal, Fall 2001, 15-22

Cabrera, A. F., & LaNasa, S. M. (2000). Understanding the college-choice process. In A. F. Cabrera and S. M. La Nasa (Eds.), New directions for institutional research: Understanding the college choice of disadvantaged students. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Carlson, S. (2008, July 23). Analyzing how students choose colleges is key topic at meeting of planners. The Chronicle of Higher Education.

College Prowler. College prowler guides: First hand reports by students for students. Pittsburgh, PA: Author. http://www.collegeprowler.com

Comfort, W. W. (1925). The Choice of College. New York: MacMillan.

Eduventures. (2007). College search and the millennial generation. Boston: Author

Fuller, W. C., Manski, C. F., & Wise, D. A. (1981). New evidence on the economic determinants of postsecondary schooling choices. The Journal of Human Resources, 17(4), 477-498.

Greenough, A. S. (2003). In search of the "right place": Institutional image, person-environment fit and college choice.Ph.D. dissertation, The College of William and Mary, United States -- Virginia. Retrieved December 17, 2005, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3107812).

Hanson, K., & Litten, L. (1982). Mapping the road to academia: A review of research on women, men, and the college selection process. In P. Perum, (Ed.), The Undergraduate Woman: Issues in Education. Lexington, MA: Lexington.

Hayes, T. J. (1989). How students choose a college: A qualitative approach. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 2(1), 19-27.

Hossler, D., Braxton, J. M., & Coopersmith, G. (1996). Understanding student college choice. In F. K. Stage, G. L. Anaya, J. P. Bean, D. Hossler, & G. D. Kuh (Eds.), College students: The evolving nature of research (ASHE: Reader Series, 18-53). Needham Heights, MA: Simon & Schuster Custom Publishing.

Hossler, D., & Gallagher, K. S., (1987). Studying student college choice: A three-phase model and the implications for policy-makers. College and University, 2(3), 207-221.

Lewis, G. H., & Morrison, J. (1975). A longitudinal study of college selection (Tech Report No. 2). Pittsburgh: School of Urban Public Affairs, Carnegie-Mellon University.

Lipman Hearne. (2006, April). High achieving seniors and the college decision. Retrieved June 26, 2006 from http://www.lipmanhearne.com/resources

Litten, L. (1991). Ivy bound: High –ability students and college choice. Selective Admission Series. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.

Litten, L. H. (1992). Different strokes in the applicant pool: Some refinements in a model of student choice. Journal of Higher Education, 53(4), 383-402.

Marklein, M. B. (2009, April 29). College recruiters are twittering, too. Retrieved April 29, 2009 from http://www.usatoday.com/news/education/2009-04-29-admissions-twitter_N.htm

Miller, G.P. (1990). Choosing a college: The student’s step-by-step decision-making guide. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.

NASULGC College Portrait: New tool offers source of accessible and comprehendible university information. Retrieved November 30, 2007 from http://www.nasulgc.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?pid=788&srcid=787

Paulson, M. B. (1990). College choice: Understanding student enrollment behavior (ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 6). Washington, DC: The George Washington University, School of Education and Human Development.

Perna, M. (2006). If the want is strong enough, the how will come. (ERIC Document Reproduction Services No. EJ736508)

Peterson’s Guide. Found online at http://www.petersons.com

Pitre, P. E., Johnson, T. E., & Pitre, C. C. (2006). Understanding predisposition in college choice: Toward an integrated model of college choice and theory of reasoned action. College and University, 81(2), 35-42.

Reynolds, H. (1980-81). The dilemma of college choice: How parents see it. The College Board Review, Winter, 26-28.

Rosen, D., Curran, J., & Greenlee, T. (1998). College choice in a brand elimination framework: The high school student’s perspective. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 8(3), 73-92.

Sevier, R. A. (1987). How students choose a college. Currents. December, 46-52.

Sztam, S. R. (2003). Selecting a college or university: A study of students and their parents.Ed.D. dissertation, Florida International University, United States -- Florida. Retrieved February 20, 2006, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3085018).

Yale Daily News (Eds.). (2006). The Insiders Guide to Colleges (32nd ed.). New York, NY: St. Martin’s Griffin.

U.S. News & World Report. (2006). Ultimate College Guide. Naperville, IL: Sourcebook Inc.

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Customer Service

Bateson, J. E. G. (1985). Perceived control and the service encounter. In J. A. Czepiel, C. F. Surprenant, & M. R. Solomon (Eds.), The Service Encounter: Managing Employee/Customer Interaction in Service Businesses (pp. 68-72). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Beaujean, M., Davidson, J., & Madge, S. (2006). The ‘moment of truth’ in customer service. McKinsey Quarterly, (1), 62-73.

Berry, L. L. (1995). Relationship marketing of services-growing interest, emerging perspectives. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 23(Fall), 236-245.

Boshoff, C., & Allen, J. (2000). The influence of selected antecedents on frontline staff’s perceptions of service recovery performance. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 11(1), 63-90.

Bowen, D. E., Gilliland, S. W., & Folger, R. (1999). HRM and service fairness: How being fair with employees spills over to customers. Organizational Dynamics, 27 (Winter), 7-23.

Chase, R. B., & Heskett, J. L. (1995). Introduction to the focused issue of service management. Management Science, 41(11), 1717-1719.

College Division of Baron’s Educational Series. Baron’s Profile of American Colleges. Hauppague: NY: Author.

Connellan, T. (1997). Inside the magic kingdom: Seven keys to disney’s success. Marietta: Bard Press.

Crosby, P. B. (1980). Quality is free: The art of making quality certain. New York, NY: Mentor.

Disney Institute (2001). Be our guest: Perfecting the art of customer service. New York: Disney Enterprises, Inc.

Elmadag, A. B. (2006). Managing frontline service employee motivation: Influences on work-related outcomes and customer experiences.Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Alabama, United States -- Alabama. Retrieved October 25, 2007, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3236773).

George, W. R., & Gronroos, C. (1989). Developing customer-conscientious employees at every level: Internal marketing. In F. M. Congram (Ed.), Handbook of services marketing (pp. 85-100). New York: NY: Amacom.

Gitomer, J. (2010). What is sales? Where are sales? How are sales? Charlotte, NC: Author. Retrieved from the web, January 13, 2010 from http://www.gitomer.com/articles/ViewPublicArticle.html?key=ajcdMibak3PdgseleaeLBw%3D%3D

Guseman, D. S. (1981). Risk perception and risk reduction in consumer services. In J. H. Donnelly & W. R. George (Eds.), Marketing Services. Chicago: American Marketing Association.

Hartline, M. D., Maxham, II, J. G., & McKee, K. O. (2000). Corridors of influence in the dissemination of customer-oriented strategy to customer contact service employees. Journal of Marketing, 64(4), 35-50.

Johnson, J. W. (1996). Linking employee perceptions of service climate to customer satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 49(Winter), 831-851.

Rust, R. (2004). Editorial: A call for a wider range of service research. Journal of Service Research, 6(3), 211.

Schneider, B. & Bowen, D. E. (1985). Employee and customer perceptions of service in banks: Replication and extension. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70(8), 423-433.

Schneider, B., Parkington, J. J., & Buston, V. M. (1980). Employee and customer perceptions of service in banks. American Science Quarterly, 25(6), 252-267.

Schneider, B. Wheeler, J. K., & Cox, J. E. (1992). A passion for service: Using content analysis to explicate service climate themes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(3), 705-716.

Schultz, D. E. (2002). Study internal marketing for better impact. Marketing News, 36(21), 8-10.

Sighn, J., Goolsby, J. R., & Rhodes, G. K. (1994). Behavior and psychological consequences of boundary spanning burnout for customer service representatives. Journal of Marketing Research, 31, 558-569.

Singh, J. (2000). Performance productivity and quality of frontline employees in service organizations. Journal of Marketing, 64(4), 15 - 34.

Zeithaml, V., & Bitner, M. J. (1996). Service marketing. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

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Ambassadors/Tour Guides

Cabulong, K. (2004, September 22). Ambassadors no longer just volunteers. Arizona Daily Wildcat, p. 1.

Bodenheimer, Donna (2003, March 27). University of Tennessee ambassador scholars announced by undergraduate admissions. Retrieved January 20, 2005 from http://lists.cs.utk.edu/pipermail/undergrad/2003-March/000223.html

Lombardi, K. S. (2006, July 5). Tour guides at universities master diplomacy and deal with reality. New York Times. Retrieved July 10, 2005 from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/05/education/05tours.html

Wellman, D. (2008). Campus tour guide motivation: The role of intrinsic need satisfaction and autonomy support. Thesis. (Ph.D.) -- The University of South Carolina, 2008.

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Enrollment Management/Higher Education

Adelman, C. (1999). Answers in the tool box: Academic intensity, attendance patterns, and bachelor’s degree attainment. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. Retrieved July 3, 2007 from http://www.ed.gov/pubs//Toolbox/toolbox.html

Albom, M. (2009, April 26). Not the way I recall college. Free Press. Retrieved April 28, 2009 from, http://freep.com/article/20090426/COL01/904260439/1082/col01/

Astin, A.W. (1993). What matters in college? Four critical years revisited. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Astin, H. S., & Antonio, A. L. (2000). Building character in college. About College, November/December, 3 – 8.

Attanasi, L. D., Jr. (1989). Getting in: Mexican Americans’ perceptions of university attendance and the implications for freshman year persistence. Journal of Higher Education, 60, 247-277.

Avery, C., Glickman, M., Hoxby C., & Metrick, A. (2004, September). A resealed preference ranking of U.S. colleges and universities (NBER Working Paper Series). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.

Braxton, J. M., Vesper, N., & Hossler, D. (1995). Expectations for college and student persistence. Research in Higher Education, 36, 595-612.

Breland, H., Maxcey, J., McClure, G. T., Valiga, M. J., Boatwright, M. A., Ganley, V. L., et al. (1995). Challenges in college admissions: A report of a survey of undergraduate admissions policies, practices, and procedures. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers, American College Testing, College Board, Educational Testing Service, and National Association for College Admissions Counselors.

Brockway, J. H. (1997). Here today, gone tomorrow: Understanding freshman attrition using person-environment fit theory.Ph.D. dissertation, Loyola University of Chicago, United States -- Illinois. Retrieved March 27, 206, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 9726371).

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. (1975). More than survival: Prospects for higher education in a period of uncertainty. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. (1980). Three thousand futures. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Carter, A., Lehman, J. & Tremblay, C. (2008). Engaging faculty in undergraduate recruitment: Perspectives, suggestions and tips. Washington, DC: American Association of Collegiate Registrar’s and Admissions Officers. Retrieved March 10, 2008 from http://www.aacrao.org/sem/index.cfm?fa=print&id=3799

Coomes, M. D., & DeBard, R. (Eds.) (2004). Serving the millennial generation. New directions for student services, No. 106. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education. 7th Edition. (2009). Professional standards for higher education. Washington, DC: Author:

Council for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education. 7th Edition. (2009). Self assessment guide for campus information & visitor services. Washington, DC: Author:

Dixon, R. R. (1995). Editor’s notes. What is enrollment management? In R. R. Dixon (Ed.), Making enrollment management work: New directions for student services (pp. 1-10). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Don’t overlook a great source of recruitment help: Your students. (2005, September). Enrollment Management Report: Practical Guidance in Recruitment, Admissions, Retention & Financial Aid, 9(6), 1,8.

Evans, N. J., Forney, D. S., & Guido-DiBrito, F. (1998). Student development in college: Theory, research and practice. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

Exeter, T. (1991). Low tide for high schools. American Demographics, 13(5), 55-63.

Fielden, J.S., Hilton, C. B., & Motes, C. B. (1993). Educational services marketing: A proposed system for enhanced recruitment of students. Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 8(2), 191-205.

Frost, S. (1993). Strategies to help freshmen succeed. Planning for Higher Education, 21(Summer), 21-26.

Hossler, D. (1984). Enrollment management: An integrated approach. New York: College Entrance Examination Board.

Hossler, D., & Anderson, D. K. (2005). The enrollment management process. In M. L. Upcraft, J. N. Gardner, B. O. Barefoot, & Associates. Challenging and supporting the first-year student (pp. 67-85). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Hossler, D., Bean, J. P., & Associates. (1990). The strategic management of college enrollments. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Hu, S., & Kuh, G. D. (2003). Maximizing what students get out of college: Testing a learning productivity model. Journal of College Student Development, 44(2), 185-203.

Kadison, R., & DiGeronimo, T. F. (2004). College of the overwhelmed: The campus mental health crisis and what to do about it. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Keeling, R. P. (Ed.) (2006). Learning reconsidered 2: A practical guide to implementing a campus-wide focus on the student experience. Washington, DC: American College Personnel Association, Association of University College and Housing Officers, Association of College Unions International, National Academic Advising Association, National Association for Campus Activities, National Association of Student Personnel Administrators, and National Intramural-Recreational Sports Association.

Keelinig, R. P., Wall, A. F., Underhile, R., & Dungy, G. J. (2008). Assessment reconsidered: Institutional effectiveness for student success. Washington, DC: International Center for Student Success and Institutional Accountability.

Kotler, P. (1976). Applying marketing theory to college admissions. A Role for Marketing in College Admissions. Paper Presented at the Colloquium on College Admissions (pp. 54-71). New York: College Entrance Examination Board.

Kuh, G. D. (1991). Involving colleges: Successful approaches to fostering student learning and development outside the classroom. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Kuh, G. D. (1995). The other curriculum: Out-of-class experiences associated with student learning and personal development. Journal of Higher Education, 66, 123-155.

Kuh, G. D., Douglas, K. B., Lund, J. P., & Ramin – Gyuirnek, J. (1994) Student learning outside the classroom: Transcending artificial boundaries. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, No. 8. Wahington, DC: The George Washington University.

Kuh, G. D., Kinzie, J., Schuh, J. H., Whit, E. J., & Associates. (2005). Student success in college: Creating conditions that really matter. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Litten, L. H. (1986). Perspectives on pricing. In D. Hossler (Ed.), Managing college enrollments: new directions in higher education, No. 53. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

MacDonald, G J. (2009, April 2). Colleges are the one fearing rejection letters. USA Today, p. 6D.

MacKenzie, N., Evans, M., & Jones, A.D. (1970). Teaching and Learning – An introduction to new methods and resources in higher education. Paris: Unesco, IAU.

Maguire, J. (1976). To the organized go the students. Bridge Magazine, 39. Boston: Boston College.

Noah, T. (1983, July/August). Highbrow robbery: The colleges call is tuition, we call it plunder. The Washington Monthly, pp. 17-24.

Orehovec, P.M., & Orehovac, E. (2007). Why should EM and student affairs collaborate? Enrollment Management Report 11(1), April 2007, p. 5.

Pascarella E.T., & Terenzini, P.T. (1991). How college affects students: Findings and insights from twenty years of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Pascarella E.T., & Terenzini, P.T. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research: Vol. 2. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Pervin, L. A. (1967). Satisfaction and perceived self-environment similarity: A semantic differential study of college student interaction. Journal of Personality, 35, 623-634.

Quirk, M. (2005). The best class money can buy. Atlantic, 296(4), 128-134.

A revolt over college rankings. (2007, June 25). San Francisco Chronicle, p. B6.

Rejection: Some colleges do it better than others. (2009). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 29, 2009 from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124096471555766239.html

Sevier, R. A. (1994). Image is everything: Strategies for measuring, changing, and maintaining your institution’s image. College and University, 69(2), 60-75.

Sevier, R. A. (2000). Building an effective recruiting funnel. Journal of College Admissions, 169, 10-29.

Terenzini, P. T., Pascarella, E. T., & Bliming, G. S. (1996). Students out-of class experiences and their influence on learning and cognitive development: A literature review. Journal of College Student Development. 37(2), 149-162.

Topolnicki, D. M. (1993). Why college prices rise so fast. In Money Guide: Best College Buys. (pp. 42-47). New York: Times Inc.

Townsend, B.K., Newell, L. H., & Wiese, M. D. (1992). Creating distinctiveness: Lessons from uncommon colleges and universities. AAHE-ERIC/ Higher Education Report, No. 6. Washington, DC: The George Washington University, School of Education and Human Development.

Upcraft, M. L. ,& Schuh, J. H. (1996). Assessment in student affairs: A guide for practitioners. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Walters, G. (2009, June 8). Walters: The university ranking racket. The State, Retrieved June 8, 2009 from http://www.thestate.com/edutorial-columns/story/817406.html

What’s wrong with college rankings? (2006). College Confidential. Retrieved December 15, 2006 from, http://www.collegeconfidential.com/college_rankings/bac_rankings.htm

Williams, D. (1984). A buyer’s market: Too many colleges, too few students. Marketing News, 18, 22-23.

Williams, T.E. (1986). Optimizing student institution fit. In D. Hossler (Ed.), Managing college enrollments: New directions for higher education, No. 53 (pp. 35-45). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Wilson, A. M. (1999). Strategic imaging in academe: A study of college and university images as perceived by prospective college students.Ph.D. dissertation, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, United States -- Illinois. Retrieved March 19, 2007, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 9944472).

Yavas, U., & Shemwell, D.J. (1996). Graphical representation of university image: A correspondence analysis. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 7(2), 75-84.

Zernike, K. (2009, March 9). Colleges sweating admissions process. The State, p. A10.

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Human Behavior/Motivation

Alderfer, C. P. (1972). Existence, relatedness and growth: Human needs in organizational settings. New York: The Free Press.

Batson, C. D. (1987). Prosocial motivation: Is it ever truly altruistic. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 20, 65-122.

Blais, M. R., Briére, N. M., Lachance, L., Riddle, A. S., & Vallerand, R. J. (1993). The Blais Work Motivation Inventory. Quebec Review of Psychology, 14, 185-215.

Clary, E. G., & Orenstein L. (1991). The amount and effectiveness of helping: The relationship of motives and abilities to helping behavior. Personality and Social Psychology, 17, 58-64.

Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic Motivation. New York: Plenum.

Deci, E. L. (1980). The Psychology of Self-Determination. Lexington, MA: Heath.

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.

Deci, E. L., Connell, J. P., & Ryan, R. M. (1989). Self-determination in a work organization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(4), 580-590.

Deci, E.L., Ryan, R.M., Gagné, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, R.P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930-942.

Franken, R. (1994). Human motivation. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

Gagné, M., & Deci, E. L. (2005). Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 331-362.

Harackiewicz, J., Larson, J. R. (1986). Managing motivation: The impact of supervisor feedback on subordinate task interest. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 547-556.

Hoffman, M. L. (1981). Is altruism part of human nature? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 40, 121-137.

Hunt, J. M. (1965). Intrinsic motivation and its role in psychological development. Nebraska symposium on motivation, 13 (pp. 189-282). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Ilardi, B. C., Leone, D., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993). Employee and supervisor ratings of motivation: Main effects and discrepancies associated with job satisfaction and adjustment in a factory setting. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 23, 1789-1805.

Jenkins, D. A. (2006). Examining the relationships between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs, employee well-being, and commitment.M.A. dissertation, Carleton University (Canada), Canada. Retrieved December 29, 2006, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT MR13415).

Kagan, J. (1972). Motives and development. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51-66.

Kuvaas, B. (2006). Work performance, affective commitment, and work motivation: The roles of pay administration and pay level. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 365-385.

Latanè, B., & Darley, J. M. (1970). The unresponsive bystander: Why doesn’t he help? New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Leone, D. R. (1995). The relation of work climate, higher order need satisfaction, need salience, and causality orientations to work engagement, psychological adjustment, and job satisfaction (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Rochester, 1995). Dissertation Abstracts International, 56(5), 2917B.

Litwin, G., & Stringer, R. (1968). Motivation and organizational climate. Boston, MA: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.

Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.

Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality, (2nd ed.). New York: Harper Row.

McClelland, D. C. (1987). Human motivation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

McGregor, D. (1960). The human side of enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: A conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 992-1007.

Morse, G. (2003). Why we misread motives. Harvard Business Review, 81(1), 18.

Pavlov, I. (1949). Conditional reflexes. London: Oxford University.

Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children (Trans. By M. Cook), New York: International University Press.

Piliavin, J. A., Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. L., & Clark, R. D. III. (1982). Responsive bystanders: The process of intervention. In V. J. Derlega & J. Grzelak (Eds.), Cooperation and helping behavior: Theories and research (pp. 279-304). New York: Academic Press.

Pinder, C. C. (1998). Work motivation in organizational behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Richer, S. F., Blanchard, C., & Vallerand, R. (2002). A motivational model of work turnover. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(10), 2089-2113.

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.

Sansone, C., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: The search for optimal motivation and performance. San Diego: Academic Press.

Sheldon, K.M., Ryan, R.M., & Reiss, H. T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1270-1279.

Snyder, M. (1992). Motivational foundations of behavioral confirmation. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology: Vol. 25. (pp. 67-114). San Diego: Academic Press.

Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York: Wiley.

Walker, W. A. (2002). Motivation at work: A partial test of the Vallerand (1997) hierarchical model of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.Ph.D. dissertation, University of Houston, United States -- Texas. Retrieved September 25, 2007, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3054071).

White, R. W. (1959). Motivation reconsidered: The concept of competence. Psychological Review, 66, 297-333.

Zuckerman, M., Porac, J., Lathin, D., Smith, R., & Deci, E. L. (1978). On the importance of self-determination for intrinsically motivated behavior. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 4, 443-446.

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Management/Organizational Behavior/Training

Bartel, A. P. (1994). Productivity gains from the implementation of employee training programs. Industrial Relations, 33(10), 411-425.

Batt, R. (1999). Work organization, technology and performance in customer service and sales. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 52(7), 539-564.

Craumer, M. (2001). How to coach your employees. Harvard Management Communication Letter. Retrieved June 15, 2005 from http://harvardbusinessonline.hbsp.harvard.edu/b01/en/common/item_detail.jhtml?id=C0112D

Davis, A. B., Davis, J. R., & Wert, F. V. (1998). Effective training strategies: A comprehensive guide to maximizing learning in organizations. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.

Drummond, H., & Chell, E. (1992). Should organizations pay for quality? Personnel Review, 21(4), 3-11.

Ellinger, A. D., Ellinger, A. E., & Keller, S. B. (2003). Supervisory coaching behavior, employee satisfaction, and warehouse employee performance: A dyadic perspective in the distribution industry. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 14(Winter), 435-458.

Feldman, D. C., & Moore, D. (2001). Career coaching: What HR professionals and managers need to know. Human Resource Planning, 24(2), 26-35.

Frisch, M. H. (2001). The emerging role of the internal coach. Consulting Psychology Journal, 53(4), 240-250.

Gilley, J. W. (2000). Managers as learning champions. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 13(4), 106-121.

Goleman, D. (2000). Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review, 78(2), 78-90.

Hale, J. (1998). Strategic rewards: Keeping your best talent from walking out the door. Compensation & Benefits Management, 14(Summer), 39-50.

Harigopal, K., & Kumar, R. R. (1982). Company satisfaction among managers: A prediction. Managerial Psychology, 3, 69-75.

Hayes, B. E. (1994). How to measure empowerment. Quality Progress, 27(February), 41-46.

Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley.

Hume, D. A. (1995). Reward management: Employee performance, motivation and pay. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.

Hyman, J., & Cunningham, I. (1998). Managers as developers: Some reflections on the contribution of empowerment in Britain. International Journal of Training and Development, 2(2), 91-107.

Jones, J. E. (2002). Self-determination theory as a model for motivation in a training context.Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Oklahoma, United States -- Oklahoma. Retrieved November 25, 2007, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3067115).

Kristoff, A. L. (1996). Person-organization fit: An integrative review of its conceptualizations, measurement, and implications. Personal Psychology, 49(1), 1–49.

Lee, C. H., & Bruvold, N. T. (2003). Creating value for employees: Investment in employee development. International Journal of Human Resource management, 14(6), 981-1000.

Mentoring and coaching help employees grow (2001). HR Focus, 78(9), 1.

Mink, O. G., Owen, K. Q., & Mink, B. P. (1993). Developing high performance people: The art of coaching: Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Orth, C. D., Wilkinson, H. E., & Benfari, R. C. (1987). The manager’s role as coach and mentor. Organizational Dynamics, 15(Spring), 66-74.

Pfeffer, J. (1998a). Seven practices of successful organizations. California Management Review, 40(Winter), 96-123.

Pfeffer, J. (1998b). Six dangerous myths about pay. Harvard Business Review, 76(3), 108-119.

Phillips, K. R. (1994). Coaching for higher performance. Management Development Review, 7(5), 19-22.

Popper, M., & Lipschitz, R. (1992). Coaching on leadership. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 13(7), 15-18.

Porter, L. W., & Lawler, E. E. III. (1968). Managerial attitudes and performance. Homewood, IL: Irwin-Dorsey.

Pritchard, R. D., & Karasick, B. W. (1973). The effects of organizational climate on managerial job performance and job satisfaction. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 9, 126-146.

Thornhill, A., & Saunders, M. N. K. (1998). What if line managers don’t realize they’re responsible for HR? Lessons from an organization experiencing rapid change. Personnel Review, 27(6), 460-476.

Webber, A. M. (1993, January-February). What’s so new about the new economy? Harvard Business Review, 24-42.

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Volunteering/Volunteer Motivation

Brown, E. (1999). The scope of volunteer activity and public service. Law and Contemporary Problems, 62(4), 17-43.

Chambre, S. M. (1987). Good deeds in old age: Volunteering by the new leisure class. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.

Clark, C. C. (1997). Members' commitments to voluntary organizations, positions, and themselves.Ph.D. dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, United States -- Pennsylvania. Retrieved March 27, 2006, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 9802609).

Clary, E. G., & Snyder, M. (1999). The motivations to volunteer: Theoretical and practical considerations. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 156-159.

Cnaan, R. A., & Goldberg-Glen, R. S. (1991). Measuring motivation to volunteer in human services. Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 27, 269-284.

Delworth, U., Moore, M., Millick, J., & Leone, P. (1974). Training student volunteers. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 53, 57-61.

Fitch, R. T. (1987). Characteristics and motivations among college students volunteering for community service. Journal of College Student Personnel, 28 (5), 424-431.

Frey, B. S., & Goette, L. (1999, May). Does pay motivate volunteers? Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, Working Paper Series (Working paper #7). University of Zurich.

Gillespie, D. F., & King, A.(1985). Demographic understanding of volunteerism. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 12, 798-816.

Green, S. K., Arons, A., & Cross, R. (1984). Volunteer motivation and its relationship to satisfaction and future volunteering. Paper submitted to meeting of the American Personnel Association, Toronto Canada.

Hedrick, N. (1983). Evaluating volunteer motivation and satisfaction. Voluntary Action Leadership, 15-16.

Independent Sector. (2005). Giving and volunteering in the United States: Findings from a national survey, Washington, DC: Author.

Jackson, D. L. (2003). Volunteers in natural resource, outdoor recreation, and environmental management and planning: Understanding the role of expectations in the fulfillment of psychological contracts.M.S. dissertation, Michigan State University, United States -- Michigan. Retrieved May 19 2006, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 1416062).

Jenner , J. R. (1982). Participation, leadership, and the role of volunteerism among selected women volunteers. Journal of Voluntary Action Research, 11, 27-38.

Kim, S. V., & Hong, G. (1998). Volunteer participation and time commitment by older Americans. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 27(2), 146-166.

Miller, L. E. (1985). Understanding the motivation of volunteers: An examination of personality differences and characteristics of volunteers’ paid employment. Journal of Voluntary Action, 14(2/3), 112-122.

Moore, L. (1985). Motivating volunteers. Vancouver, B. C.: Vancouver Volunteer Center.

Penner, L. A. (2002). Dispositional and organizational influences on sustained volunteerism: An interactionist perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 58, 447-467.

Penner, L. A., & Finkelstein, M. A. (1998). Dispositional and structural determinants of volunteerism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 525-537.

Schroeder, D. A., Penner, L. A., Dovidio, J. F., & Piliavin, J. A. (1995). The psychology of helping and altruism: Problems and puzzles. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Smith, D. A. (1981). Altruism, volunteers, and volunteerism. Journal of Action Research, 10(1), 21-36.

Stinson, T. F., & Stam, J. M. (1976). Toward an economic model of voluntarism: The case of participation in local government. The Journal of Voluntary Action Research, 5, 52-60.

Thoits, P. A., & Hewitt, L. N. (2001). Volunteer work and well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 42(2). 115-131.

Warburton, J., Terry, D. J., Rosenman, L. S., & Shapiro, M. (2001). Differences between older volunteers and nonvolunteers: Attitudinal, normative, and control beliefs. Research on Aging, 23(5), 586-605.

Wilson, J., & Musick, M. (1999). The effects of volunteering on the volunteer. Law and Contemporary Problems, 62(4), 141-167.

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Peer Education/Paraprofessional Experience

Ahrendt. K. M. (1971, April). The training and use of para-professionals in the college reading program. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western College Reading Association, Los Angeles, CA.

Bandura, A., Millard, M., Peluso, E., & Ortman, N. (2000). Effects of peer education training on peer educators: Leadership, self-esteem, health knowledge, and health behaviors. Journal of College Student Development, 41(5), 471-478.

Blimling, G. (2003). The resident assistant: Applications and strategies for working with college students in residence halls. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.

Blimling, G., Jacobs, G., & Ward, D. (2007, March). Leading the way: Encouraging student success through peer education (2007 Teleconference Series, No. 1). Columbia: University of South Carolina, National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience & Students in Transition.

Bonar, J. R. (1976). Review of an operating program model using paraprofessionals. Journal of College Student Personnel, 18, 174-176.

Brown, W. F., & Zunker, V. G. (1966). Student counselor utilization at four-year institutions of higher learning. The Journal of College Student Personnel, 7(1), 41-46.

Brown, W. F. (1977). Student to student counseling: An approach to academic achievement (Rev. ed.). Astin, TX: The Hogg Foundation Research Series.

Carkhuff, R.R., & Truax, C.B. (1965). Lay mental health counseling: The effects of lay group counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 29, 426-431.

Carkhuff, R.R. (1968). Differential function of lay and professional helpers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 15, 117-126.

Carkhuff, R. R. (1969). Helping and human relations: A primer for lay and professional helpers: Vol. 1. Selection & training. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

Carns, A. W., Carns, M. R., & Wright, J. (1994). Students as paraprofessionals in four year colleges and universities: Current practice compared to prior practice. Journal of College Student Development, 34, 58-363.

Chisom, J. E. (2002). Supervising paraprofessionals in middle school classrooms: A descriptive case study (Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2002). Retrieved February 15, 2006 from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3106779).

Cuseo, J. (2006). Peer assistance programs. Retrieved May 23, 2006 from First Year Experience listserv.

Delworth, U., & Aulepp, L. (1976). Training manual for paraprofessional and applied professional programs. Boulder, CO: Western Interstate Committee for Higher Education.

Delworth, U., Sherwood, G., & Casaburri, N. (1974). Student paraprofessionals: A working model for higher education (Student Personnel Series, No. 17). Washington, DC: American College Personnel Association.

Delworth, U., & Yarris E. (1978). Concepts and processes for the new training role. In U. Delworth (Ed.), New directions for student services, No. 2: Training competent staff (pp. 1 – 15). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Eason, M. J., Platt, C. P., & Van House, C. L. (1985). A cost-effective training program for paraprofessionals at a university counseling center. Journal of Counseling & Development, 64(2), 151-153.

Ender, S.C. (1984a). Student paraprofessionals within student affairs: The state of the art. In S.C. Ender & R.B. Winston, Jr., (Eds.), Using students as paraprofessional staff: New directions for student services, No. 27 (pp. 3-21). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Ender, S. C. (1984b). Recommendations for the future. In S. C. Ender & R. B. Winston, Jr., (Eds.), Using students as paraprofessional staff: New directions for student services, No. 27 (pp. 91-95). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Ender, S. C., & Kay, K. (2001). Peer leadership programs: A rationale and review of the literature. In S. L. Hamid (Ed.), Peer leadership: A primer on program essentials (Monograph No. 32, pp. 1 – 11). Columbia: University of South, National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience and Students in Transition.

Ender S., & Strumph, G. (1984). Orientation and the role of the student paraprofessional. In S. C. Ender & R. W. Winston, Jr. (Eds.), Using students as paraprofessional staff: New directions for student services, No. 27 ( pp. 67-80). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Ender, S.C., & Winston Jr., R.B. (1984). A national survey of student paraprofessional utilization in student affairs. Unpublished manuscript, Kansas State University.

Gardner, H. A., & Shelton, J. A. (1977). The role of the minority paraprofessional. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 56(3), 179 – 180.

Ghere, G. S. (2003). Employing, directing, and supporting paraprofessionals in inclusive education programs for students with disabilities: A multi-site case study (Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, 2003.) Retrieved February 15, 2006, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 3078016).

Goldschmid B., & Goldschmid M.L. (1976). Peer teaching in higher education: A review. Higher Education, 5, 9-33.

Gordon, E. E., & Gordon, E. H. (1990). Centuries of tutoring: A history of alternative education in American and Western Europe. New York: University Press.

Levinson, J. H. (1976, March). Peer academic advisement: The art of students as paraprofessional support staff. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association of Women Deans, Administrators, and Counselors, New Orleans, LA.

Materniak, G., (1984). Student paraprofessionals in the learning skills center. In S. Ender & R. Winston (Eds.), Using students as paraprofessional staff: New directions for student services, No. 27 (pp. 23-35). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

McAleavy, G., McCrystal, P., & Kelly, G. (1996). Peer education: A strategy for improving health education in disadvantaged areas of Belfast. Public Health, 100, 31-36.

McKenzie, I. L., & Manoogian–O’Dell, M. (1988). Expanding the use of students in career services: Current programs and resources (Media Publication No. 56). American College Personnel Association.

Milburn, K. (1995). A critical review of peer education with young people with special reference to sexual health. Health Education Research, 10, 407-420.

Moore, M., & Delworth, U. (1976). Training manual for student service program development. Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Mental Health (DHEW). (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED131360)

Peters, K. J. (1992). A study of paraprofessionals, therapy aides in a children's psychiatric unit: A case study.Ed.D. dissertation, Hofstra University, United States -- New York. Retrieved February 15, 2006, from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 9226044).

Powell, J.R., Plyler, S.A., Dickerson, B.A., & McClellan, S.D. (1969). The personnel assistant in college residence halls. New York: Houghton Mifflin.

Powell, O.B. (1959). The student who assumes counseling responsibilities. In M.D. Hardee (Ed.), The faculty in college counseling. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Riggs, C. G. (2001). Ask the paraprofessionals. What are you training needs? Teaching Exceptional Children, 33(3), 78-83.

Rode, D. L. (1990). Effects of paraprofessional training and work experience on the cognitive development of college students(Doctoral dissertation, Northern Illinois University, 1990). Dissertation Abstracts International, 51, 2654A.

Rode, D.L., & Kubic, C.A. (2002). Enhancing an extended orientation course through the use of peer instructors. The Journal of College Orientation and Transition, 9(2), 50-53.

Rosencrance, J. (1988). Active gamblers as peer counselors. International Journal of the Addictions, 23, 751-766.

Salovey, P. (1983). A survey of campus peer counseling activities. Paper presented at the meeting of the American College Health Association, St. Louis, MO.

Salovey P., & D’Andrea, V.J. (1984). A survey of campus peer counseling activities. Journal of American College Health, 32, 262-265.

Sawyer, R.G., Pinciaro, P., & Bedwell, D. (1997). How peer education changed peer sexuality educators’ self-esteem, personal development, and sexual behavior. Journal of American College Health, 45, 211-217.

Sloane, B.C., & Zimmer, C.G. (1993). The power of peer health education. Journal of American College Health, 41, 241-245.

Stein, G. B., & Spille, H. A. (1974). Academic advising reaches out. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 53, 61-64.

Upcraft, M. L. (1971). Undergeraduate students as academic advisors. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 19, 827-831.

Wagner, L. (1982). Peer teaching: Historical perspectives. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Winston, R.B., Jr., & Ender, S.C. (1988). Use of student paraprofessionals in divisions of college student affairs. Journal of Counseling and Development, 66, 466-473.

Yamauchi, G. (1986). Students helping students: The emergence of paraprofessionals in campus activities. Campus Activities Programming, 25I, 430-36.

Young, J. W. (1975). Paraprofessionals as counselors. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 145908.

Zehring, J. W. (1976). Employing students as paraprofessional counselors. Journal of College Placement, 37, 43-47.

Zunker, V.G. (1975). Students as paraprofessionals in four-year colleges and universities. Journal of College Student Personnel, 16(4), 282-286.

Zunker, V.G., & Brown, W.F. (1966). Comparative effectiveness of student and professional counselors. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 44(7), 738-743.

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Statistical Methods

Kutner, M. H., Nachtshein, C. J., Neter, J., Li, W. (2005). Applied linear statistical models (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Licht, M. H. (2004). Multiple regression and correlation. In L. Grimm & P R. Yarnold (Eds.), Reading and Understanding Multivariate Statistics (pp. 19-64). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

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